ID :
127810
Mon, 06/14/2010 - 15:35
Auther :
Shortlink :
https://oananews.org//node/127810
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Girls` education: Remarkable growth since 1990 By: Mohammad Al-Ulofi
Translated by:
Ghada al-Kamel SANA'A, June, 13 (Saba)-Girls' education has gained great concern
from the
government since establishment of the Republic of Yemen on May 22, 1990.
This has been reflected by the facts and numbers which have been put forward by
the Education Ministry's statistics.
The Ministry of Education aims at encouraging and supporting girls' education
through a number of activities and programs. These programs include financial
motivations for
27 thousands girl students in Lahj and Hodaidah governorates, feeding programs in
different provinces and the social scholarships for female high schools.
Pre-school education The number of the girls who joined the nurseries and
kindergartens went up from 4,653 in 51 nurseries during 1990-1991 to 12,208 in 503
nurseries during
2008-2009. The number of the nannies also rose from 586 to 718.
Girls' number increasing in schools The number of girl students in basic education
has increased by 182 percent as they were 648,338 during 1990-1991 and hiked during
2008-2009
to 1,828.775 student with increase of 1.180.437 students.
On the other side, the total ratio of all ages raised from 27.7 percent in 1990-1991
to 66 percent in 2008-2009.
The gender gap has declined from 37 female students against 100 males in 1990-1991
to 77 females against 100 males in 2008-2009 which means 40 points for females.
Thus,
this embodies the state's intensified concern to educating girls which led to narrow
the gap between the two genders to 23 points.
High school education has witnessed a remarkable improvement and an increase in
girls' number. This number rose from 23,123 students in 1990-1991 by 12 percent in
comparison
to 165,333 male students to be 206,512 girl students in 2008-2009 with 35% of male
numbers which reached 374,317.
Therefore, the total growth average has reached 88.8 percent for females and 55.8
percent for males. On the other hand, the average of all ages of girls who joined
high
school rose from 7.57 percent in 1990-1991 to 26.9 percent in 2008-2009.
Work force in school administrations The educational statistics point out that the
number of female employees of the total work force in the school administration in
1990-1991
was exceeding 26,725 which means 22 percent in all their educational employments and
the gender gap reached 0.28 points.
The past twenty years have witnessed tremendous improvement in the employees of the
school administration which reached 60,176 with 25 percent increase during
2008-2009
by the increase of 44,41 percent.
The gap between males and females has decreased to 0.33 percent during 1990-1991
that means 5 points for girls.
Primary school female employees' number increased to 24 percent to be 31,254. That
means 45,74 percent in comparison to 1990-1991.
Their number upped at 27 percent of the work forces in primary-secondary schools
whereas in secondary schools they rose at 22 percent of the total number of
workforce.
Female teachers The educational data indicates that the number of the teachers in
1990-1991 has reached 22 percent to be 22,033 and the number of non- Yemeni
teachers has
been 10,144 with increase rate of 10.1precetn and the gap distributed according to
the school and the educational stage.
The female teachers' number in primary schools is 11,877 on the average of 21
percent whereas the number in primary- secondary school is 9,353 with increase rate
of 23 percent
of the total number of primary-secondary schools. However their number in high
schools reached 803 with increase rate of 21 percent of the total number of the
teachers in
high schools and the gap between the males and females decreased to 27 percent.
The female teachers' number increased during the past 20 years to 51,875 by the
average of 26 percent in 2008-2009. A 50.12 percent increase in females' number and
a 0.34
percent decrease in the gender gap compared to 1990-1991. They are distributed in
the public schools by the average of 24 percent and that means an increase of 43,89
compared
to 1990-1991 and the gender gap retreated to 0.32 percent. Their number extended to
23,290 by the average of 28 percent and the gender gap was 0.38 percent compared to
0.30
percent during 1990-1991. Whereas in secondary school the number was 1,523 with
increase rate 23 percent and the gender gap decreased to 0.29 percent compared to
0.27 percent
in 1990-1991.
Public education graduates Students' number who passed primary school exams in
1990-1991 was 98, 235. 21.470 of them were female students. This number increased
in 2007-2008
to 211,553 by the average of 54 percent for both genders.
High school girl graduates number in 1990-1991 was 1,349 and this number doubled 33
times to be 45,349 in 2008-2009 and the gender gap reduced from 0.08 percent in
1990-1991
to 0.55 percent in 2008-2009 for girls and that is a tremendous progress in
narrowing the gender gap.
Education sector and public budget Since unification on May 22 -1990, the
government put education sector on the top of its priorities by assigning it a huge
portion of
the public budget. In 1990-1991, Ministry of Education had a 15 percent of the
public budget which means 10,3 billion and that represents 4.4 percent of the gross
domestic
product (GDP).
To keep pace with the huge population growth and their influx to schools during the
past twenty years, the public education expenses increased and the ministry budget
rose
in 2008 to YR 201,6 billon which means 11.1 percent of the total public budget and a
5.9 percent of the gross domestic product.
Literacy education The government sought to achieve its goals in this field by
comprehensive national campaigns. 56 percent of the populations who aged 15 or more
were illiterate
according to 1994 population census, 39 percent of them were males and this average
reduced to 30 percent.
People who joined literacy education raised from 122,510, in which 61,173 were male
students, to 167,343 students in 2008-2009, 157,330 out of them were female
students.
Both genders have increased by 27 percent. 61precent of them are female students.
Work force and the administration stuff Teachers' number who works in illiteracy
education's centers reached 2.403 in 1990-1991 and increased to be 6,457 by the
average
of 63 percent in 2008-2009.Whereas the workforce number in the centers was 300
female employees in1990-1991. They were distributed as supervisors and workers who
their number
increased to 742 persons with 60 percent increased in 2007-2008.
Achievements in girls' education sector The girls' education sector has
accomplished great achievements since it was established in 2005 and the most
important of these
achievements was completing the organizational structure at the central and local
levels.
The sector worked on re-organizing its management through issuing a ministerial
decree which includes organizing the sector to three general managements, eight
managements
in the sector as well as two in each province. The sector also aimed at supporting
girls' education and encouraging the society to do so through training workshops,
producing
radio and TV programs and publishing educating brochures and posters and other means
that may motivate girls to study.
Besides that, the sector has implemented festivals and consultative meetings to
encourage girls' education. They also activated the joined program with the private
sector,
furnished 2 administrations and share the society of 22 provinces and Socotra Island.
In addition to the encouraging programs such as the financial motivations for 27
thousand girl students in Lahj and Hodaidah, school feeding programs in different
provinces
and community scholarships for high school girl students.
Regarding improving the by-laws and guides that contribute in supporting
education in general and girls' education in particular, special guides on the
participation of
the community in supporting girls' education and school guide to socialists and
parent's councils have been made.
Coordinative and training councils have been formed in 17 governorates. They
included the members of the executive offices that contribute in encouraging girls'
education.
Ghada al-Kamel SANA'A, June, 13 (Saba)-Girls' education has gained great concern
from the
government since establishment of the Republic of Yemen on May 22, 1990.
This has been reflected by the facts and numbers which have been put forward by
the Education Ministry's statistics.
The Ministry of Education aims at encouraging and supporting girls' education
through a number of activities and programs. These programs include financial
motivations for
27 thousands girl students in Lahj and Hodaidah governorates, feeding programs in
different provinces and the social scholarships for female high schools.
Pre-school education The number of the girls who joined the nurseries and
kindergartens went up from 4,653 in 51 nurseries during 1990-1991 to 12,208 in 503
nurseries during
2008-2009. The number of the nannies also rose from 586 to 718.
Girls' number increasing in schools The number of girl students in basic education
has increased by 182 percent as they were 648,338 during 1990-1991 and hiked during
2008-2009
to 1,828.775 student with increase of 1.180.437 students.
On the other side, the total ratio of all ages raised from 27.7 percent in 1990-1991
to 66 percent in 2008-2009.
The gender gap has declined from 37 female students against 100 males in 1990-1991
to 77 females against 100 males in 2008-2009 which means 40 points for females.
Thus,
this embodies the state's intensified concern to educating girls which led to narrow
the gap between the two genders to 23 points.
High school education has witnessed a remarkable improvement and an increase in
girls' number. This number rose from 23,123 students in 1990-1991 by 12 percent in
comparison
to 165,333 male students to be 206,512 girl students in 2008-2009 with 35% of male
numbers which reached 374,317.
Therefore, the total growth average has reached 88.8 percent for females and 55.8
percent for males. On the other hand, the average of all ages of girls who joined
high
school rose from 7.57 percent in 1990-1991 to 26.9 percent in 2008-2009.
Work force in school administrations The educational statistics point out that the
number of female employees of the total work force in the school administration in
1990-1991
was exceeding 26,725 which means 22 percent in all their educational employments and
the gender gap reached 0.28 points.
The past twenty years have witnessed tremendous improvement in the employees of the
school administration which reached 60,176 with 25 percent increase during
2008-2009
by the increase of 44,41 percent.
The gap between males and females has decreased to 0.33 percent during 1990-1991
that means 5 points for girls.
Primary school female employees' number increased to 24 percent to be 31,254. That
means 45,74 percent in comparison to 1990-1991.
Their number upped at 27 percent of the work forces in primary-secondary schools
whereas in secondary schools they rose at 22 percent of the total number of
workforce.
Female teachers The educational data indicates that the number of the teachers in
1990-1991 has reached 22 percent to be 22,033 and the number of non- Yemeni
teachers has
been 10,144 with increase rate of 10.1precetn and the gap distributed according to
the school and the educational stage.
The female teachers' number in primary schools is 11,877 on the average of 21
percent whereas the number in primary- secondary school is 9,353 with increase rate
of 23 percent
of the total number of primary-secondary schools. However their number in high
schools reached 803 with increase rate of 21 percent of the total number of the
teachers in
high schools and the gap between the males and females decreased to 27 percent.
The female teachers' number increased during the past 20 years to 51,875 by the
average of 26 percent in 2008-2009. A 50.12 percent increase in females' number and
a 0.34
percent decrease in the gender gap compared to 1990-1991. They are distributed in
the public schools by the average of 24 percent and that means an increase of 43,89
compared
to 1990-1991 and the gender gap retreated to 0.32 percent. Their number extended to
23,290 by the average of 28 percent and the gender gap was 0.38 percent compared to
0.30
percent during 1990-1991. Whereas in secondary school the number was 1,523 with
increase rate 23 percent and the gender gap decreased to 0.29 percent compared to
0.27 percent
in 1990-1991.
Public education graduates Students' number who passed primary school exams in
1990-1991 was 98, 235. 21.470 of them were female students. This number increased
in 2007-2008
to 211,553 by the average of 54 percent for both genders.
High school girl graduates number in 1990-1991 was 1,349 and this number doubled 33
times to be 45,349 in 2008-2009 and the gender gap reduced from 0.08 percent in
1990-1991
to 0.55 percent in 2008-2009 for girls and that is a tremendous progress in
narrowing the gender gap.
Education sector and public budget Since unification on May 22 -1990, the
government put education sector on the top of its priorities by assigning it a huge
portion of
the public budget. In 1990-1991, Ministry of Education had a 15 percent of the
public budget which means 10,3 billion and that represents 4.4 percent of the gross
domestic
product (GDP).
To keep pace with the huge population growth and their influx to schools during the
past twenty years, the public education expenses increased and the ministry budget
rose
in 2008 to YR 201,6 billon which means 11.1 percent of the total public budget and a
5.9 percent of the gross domestic product.
Literacy education The government sought to achieve its goals in this field by
comprehensive national campaigns. 56 percent of the populations who aged 15 or more
were illiterate
according to 1994 population census, 39 percent of them were males and this average
reduced to 30 percent.
People who joined literacy education raised from 122,510, in which 61,173 were male
students, to 167,343 students in 2008-2009, 157,330 out of them were female
students.
Both genders have increased by 27 percent. 61precent of them are female students.
Work force and the administration stuff Teachers' number who works in illiteracy
education's centers reached 2.403 in 1990-1991 and increased to be 6,457 by the
average
of 63 percent in 2008-2009.Whereas the workforce number in the centers was 300
female employees in1990-1991. They were distributed as supervisors and workers who
their number
increased to 742 persons with 60 percent increased in 2007-2008.
Achievements in girls' education sector The girls' education sector has
accomplished great achievements since it was established in 2005 and the most
important of these
achievements was completing the organizational structure at the central and local
levels.
The sector worked on re-organizing its management through issuing a ministerial
decree which includes organizing the sector to three general managements, eight
managements
in the sector as well as two in each province. The sector also aimed at supporting
girls' education and encouraging the society to do so through training workshops,
producing
radio and TV programs and publishing educating brochures and posters and other means
that may motivate girls to study.
Besides that, the sector has implemented festivals and consultative meetings to
encourage girls' education. They also activated the joined program with the private
sector,
furnished 2 administrations and share the society of 22 provinces and Socotra Island.
In addition to the encouraging programs such as the financial motivations for 27
thousand girl students in Lahj and Hodaidah, school feeding programs in different
provinces
and community scholarships for high school girl students.
Regarding improving the by-laws and guides that contribute in supporting
education in general and girls' education in particular, special guides on the
participation of
the community in supporting girls' education and school guide to socialists and
parent's councils have been made.
Coordinative and training councils have been formed in 17 governorates. They
included the members of the executive offices that contribute in encouraging girls'
education.
